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Home » FAQs » What's the probe start metal halide ballast?
What's the probe start metal halide ballast?
2014-03-24 10:15:40

Traditional metal halide lamps (also called "probe start"), and high-pressure mercury vapor (HPMV) lamps utilize an auxiliary electrode to facilitate starting. MH lamps use probe-start, electromagnetic ballasts technology, which employs the use of two operating electrodes and a third, starting probe electrode in the arc tube.

 
Probe-start ballasts start lamps when it discharges a high open circuit voltage between the starting probe and one of the operating electrodes. Once the lamp is started, a bi-metal switch shuts off the starting probe electrode from the circuit.
 

Market demand for probe-start ballasts began to wane once industry realized the third electrode and other moving parts such as the switch led to inconsistencies in the lamp’s lumen and color output over their lifetimes.These lamps are filled with a relatively low pressure of argon gas. Breakdown occurs when several hundreds of volts are applied. The lower the fill pressure, the lower the breakdown voltage and less electrode heating occurs in the subsequent glow mode. Without enough electrode heat the arc mode will not develop. There is a trade off of breakdown voltage and GAT with fill pressure for these lamps. For most mercury vapor lamps sinusoidal output voltages around 220 Vrms suffice. For most metal halide lamps, highly peaked (distorted) output voltages around 300 Vrms suffice. Failing to attain a GAT will destroy lamp electrodes in less than 100 hours.

 
The pulse start metal halide and high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps dispense with the auxiliary electrode, but have breakdown voltage requirements in the range of several thousand volts. An "ignitor" adds a narrow (µsec wide) pulse near the peak of the output voltage waveform. Some lamps require more than one pulse per half cycle. The minimum output voltage requirement (min. OCV) assures that a GAT will occur. At room temperature, mercury interacts with argon to reduce breakdown voltage. In cold weather or refrigerated spaces, the breakdown voltage requirement goes up. Standard metal halide and mercury vapor ballasts have to supply sufficient output voltage for low temperature starting. This effect is not present in pulse start metal halide and HPS lamps.
 
probe-start magnetic ballasts and lamps for operation of lamps up to 400 W were virtually eliminated from new luminaires to meet new efficiency standards.
 
The law requires a minimum ballast efficiency of 88% for pulse start ballasts and a minimum ballast efficiency of 94% for magnetic probe start ballasts. Compliant luminaires now bear a capital “E” printed in a circle on their packaging and ballast label.The pulse voltage requirement for pulse start lamps assures low temperature starting.

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